Week 4:

Every week I will post the story which inscribed about my study in ICT, for week fourth I’am study about computer network. Its necessary, the major components of computer network are communication media,interconnecting devices,computers,networking software,applications.

We can take one of the concepts of basic networking that is Topology also devided on ring topology, bos topology, and star topology. Topology is a major area of mathematics concerned with properties that are preserved under continuous deformations of abject.

On the week 4 sesion 3 I am study about a client/server networking and peer-to-peer networking. The difference between us are a client/server network only function is to respond to the request of client and about peer-to-peer is each computer controls its own information.

Week 3:

In this week I’am study about Software, introduce of the meaning of software, the categories of software.

Software is devided into three categories that are system software,application software, and programming software. The primary function of application software is to apply the power of the computer to give individuals or workgroups. e.g: windows7/XP.

Then I’am also study about how to install software, that is very usefull because all of the student have PC but they can’t install the software in PC and now we know how to do that.

Thank you lecturer J

Week 2 sesion 2:

Now I’am study about System Unit. The component of System Unit are processor, memory module, expansion card, and ports and connectors e,g: connector to printer. Not only System Unit but I’am also study about moteherboard including

What is the mother board? and What chip packages are available?

Motherboard is the main circuit board in system unit, and what chip packages are available is single edge contact (SEC) cartridge.

Week 2 sesion

Now I am study about Computer Architecture.

Since 1946 all computers have had 5 components, that is Datapath and Control its constitute The Processor, then Memory,Input, and also output.

The graphic of computer architecture:

processor (control&datapath)-memory-  Input-output

Categories of computer based on size,capability, and price:

• ·         Embedded computers.
• ·         Mobile computers e.g: handphone,I-phone etc.
• ·         Personal computers e.g: notebook,laptop etc.
• ·         Midrange servers.
• ·         Mainframe computers (used for big company or research.
• ·         Supercomputers.

• 
  

Computer History"

Pre Computers and Early Computers (before 1940s)
Expert conclude that ancient civilization had the ability to count and compute,  then the earliest recorded calculating device is ABACUS. And another device in 1890s such as: slide ruler,mechanical calculator, punch,card tabulating machine by Dr. Herman Hollerith and sorter.Hollerith’s company eventually became IBM(International Business Machine.
FIRST GENERATION (1940-1950)
Vacum Tube

·         ENIAC [1945]: Design by mauchly&echert, build by US to calculate trajectories for ballistic shells during Worls War II. Around 18000 vacuum tubes and 1500 relays were used to build ENIAC, and it was programmed by manually setting switches.

·         UNIVAC [1950]: the first commercial computer

·         John Von Neumann architecture and has been the basis for virtually every machine design since then.

·         Features:

§  Electron emititting devices

§  Data and programs are stored in a single read-write memory

§  Memory contents are addresssble by location,regardless of the content itself

§  Machine language/Assemble language

§  Sequential execution

SECOND GENERATION

William Shockley, John Badeen, and Walter Brattain invent the transistor that reduce size of computers and improve reliability. Vacuum tubes have been replaced by trensistors. Then tehe first operating systemsm in this generation just can handled one program at time(Batch Processing) –run program one by one-. The On-Off switches controlled by electronically.

 

THIRD GENERATION (1964-1974)

Intregated Circuits (IC)

·         Microprocessor chips combaineds thousands of transistor, entire circuit on one computer chip.

·         Semiconductor memory

·         Multiple computer models with different performance characteristics

·         The size of computers has been reduced drastically

 FOURTH GENERATION(1974-Present)

VLSI/ULSI

VLSI is Very Large-Scale Intergation, ULSI is Ultra Large-Scale Intergation.

·         Combines millions of transistors

·         Single-up processor and the single-board computer emerged

·         Creation of the Personal Computer (PC)

·         Use of data communications

·         Massively parallel machine (many CPU in one room)

FIFTH GENERATION (now and the future)

Based on artificial intelligence, e.g: computers can think, reason and learn. Premarymeans of input-voice and touch. Different computers construct such as optical computers that utilizes nanotechnology, or as entire general purpose computers.